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BRIEF和PLIBEL方法在评价造修船作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患中的应用 |
王忠旭,陈西峰,张蔚,凌瑞杰,郑成彬,张雪艳,何丽华,曹扬,黄红坤,周文龙,靖惠超,贾宁
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1.中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京 100050;2.大连中远船务工程有限公司,辽宁大连 116113;3.湖北省新华医院,湖北武汉 430015;4.大连市安全生产监督管理局,辽宁大连 116011;5.北京大学劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191;6.武汉科技大学,湖北武汉 430081
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摘 要: 目的探讨造船作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)危险部位及相关工效学因素。方法应用BRIEF和PLIBEL方法,对北方某造船厂237名健康男性搬运工人的作业姿势、力量、持续时间和动作频率以及17个相关工效学问题进行现场调查。结果不同作业发生风险的部位略有差异,造船作业工人以手腕部WMSDs发生风险为最高,其次为背、腿和颈部。船体装配工为左右手腕、颈、背和腿部,船体打磨工和分段电焊工为左右手腕、背和腿部,分段、轮机和上建工区的装配工为左右手腕和腿部,管加打磨和电焊工、轮机铜工和管工、上建打磨工为手腕和背部。这些工种广泛存在重复性手部不适姿势与负荷作业、站立无支撑、背轻度前屈、重复和持续性蹲姿或跪姿、受限空间、颈前屈等。结论造修船作业工人WMSDs发生风险以手腕部最为明显,可同时伴有颈、背和腿部多部位,以打磨、装配和电焊作业工种发生风险最高,因其广泛存在工具不适抓握或强力捏握工具、不良作业姿势、频繁重复性前屈和扭转、长时间无支撑立姿作业等工效学危险因素,应加强对上述工效学危险因素的管理与控制。 |
关键词: 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 工效学 造船修船作业 |
中图分类号: R68
文献标识码:
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基金项目: “十二·五”科技支撑项目(编号:2014BAI12B03); 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81172643) |
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Application of BRIEF and PLIBEL in ergnomic evaluation of shipbuilding and shiprepairing works |
WANG Zhong-xv, CHEN Xi-feng, ZHANG Wei, LING Rui-jie, ZHENG Cheng-bin, ZHANG Xue-yan, HE Li-hua,CAO Yang, HUANG Hong-kun, ZHOU Wen-long, JING Hui-chao, JIA Ning
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National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the high risk site of WMSDs and related ergonomic factors among shipbuilding or shiprepairing workers. Methods BRIEF and PLIBEL methods were used for investigating and observing the posture, force,duration and frequency during work and the other 17 related ergonomic issues in 237 of healthy shipbuilding or shiprepairing workers in a certain shipbuilding company in north China. Results The results showed that there were some differences among different operations, such as the high risk site of WMSDs in shipbuilding workers was wrist, followed by back, leg and neck while in shipfitters, the high risk sites were wrists, neck, back and legs and wrists, back and legs in ship grinders and segmented welders, and so on. These types of jobs widely existed repetitive hand discomfort postures or load operations such as standing without support, back slightly bends forward, repeated and sustained squatting or kneeling position, limited space and neck bends forward and so on. Conclusion The results suggested that the wrist was the main risk site of WMSDs among shipbuilding or shiprepairing workers, and always accompanied with disorders in neck, back and legs, which were more common in grinding, assembly and welding workers, because of the widely existed repetitive hand discomfort postures and overload operations. Therefore, the management and control on the ergonomic risk factors should be further strengthen for preventing WMSDs in shipbuilding and shiprepairing workers. |
Keywords: work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) ergonomics shipbuilding and shiprepairing workers |