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汽车装配工人肌肉骨骼疾患的不良工效学因素 |
王会宁, 王忠旭, 秦汝莉, 李玉珍, 张雪艳, 贾宁, 李珏
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1. 北京市化工职业病防治院, 北京 100093; 2. 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所, 北京 100050
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摘 要: 目的探讨汽车装配工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的发生情况及相关不良工效学因素。方法应用经适当修订的《美国危险区域检查表》和《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》形成综合调查问卷,对某汽车制造公司总装车间498名男性装配工人进行问卷调查。采用Logistic回归分析WMSDs发生的不良工效学因素。结果总人群中WMSDs的年发生率为84%,其中肩部(50.6%)最为严重,其次为颈部(49.7%)、下背部(43.4%)、手腕和小腿(均为38.4%)。Logistic回归分析显示,影响颈部的不良工效学因素有颈前曲>45°和单手捏紧4.5 kg以上伴腕部不良姿势;影响肩部的因素有跪姿作业、每天搬举的物体超过34 kg和背前曲>30°;影响下背部的因素有跪姿作业、搬举的物体超过4.5kg,且每分钟超过2次和背前曲>45°;影响腕部的因素有单手捏紧4.5 kg以上伴腕部不良姿势。结论汽车装配工人WMSDs高发,可能与其接触的不良工效学因素有关。 |
关键词: 汽车装配 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 不良工效学因素 |
中图分类号: R68
文献标识码:
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基金项目: “十二·五”科技支撑项目(2014BAI12B03); 国家自然科学基金项目(81172643) |
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Analysis of the harmful ergonomics factors of musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembly workers |
WANG Hui⁃ning, WANG Zhong⁃xv, QIN Ru⁃li, LI Yu⁃zhen, ZHANG Xue⁃yan, JIA Ning, LI Jue
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Beijing Institute of Occupational Medicine for Chemical Industry, Beijing 100093, China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders among automobile assembling workers and explore the related harmful ergonomics factors. Methods A cross⁃sectional and longitudinal study of 498 male automobile assembling workers in an assembling plant were carried out using a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires and Hazard Zone Checklist. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and related harmful ergonomics factors were collected in the questionnaire. According to the survey data, Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the related harmful ergonomics factors. Results Eighty⁃four percent of the respondents had been troubled with musculoskeletal disorders in last year.The commonest musculoskeletal disorders were from the shoulder (50 6%), neck (49 7%), lower back (43.4%), wrist and leg (both 38.4%). The results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that the factors affecting neck included working with the neck bent more than 45°and pinching with a force of 4.5 kg or more with poor wrist posture; the factors affecting shoulder included kneeling, daily manual lifting task more than 34 kg and working with the back bent forward more than 30°; the factors affecting low back included kneeling, manual lifting task more than 4.5 kg and more than twice per minute and working with the back bent forward more than 45°; the factors affecting wrist included pinching with a force of 4.5 kg or more with poor wrist posture. Conclusion The occurrence of work⁃related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) is high in automobile assembling workers. It is probably related to the existing harmful ergonomics factors. |
Keywords: automobile assembly work⁃related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) harmful ergonomics factors |