摘 要: 探讨某供电企业运检人员工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)患病情况及可能的危险因素。方法 采
用流行病学横断面调查方法, 选用肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷(中文版), 对我国某供电企业运检人员近1 年内肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素开展调查。采用卡方检验以及Logistic 回归分析WMSDs 发生的危险因素。结果 共发放问卷403份, 收集有效问卷385 份(有效率95. 5%)。工人各部位WMSDs 患病率为7. 5% ~57. 9%, 排在前三位的部位依次是颈部(57. 9%)、下背部(56. 9%) 和肩部(39. 2%)。腿部和膝部WMSDs 的患病率在不同工种之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示, 搬运重物可能是导致颈部、下背部和手腕部WMSDs 的危险因素, 由同事轮流完成工作可能是颈部WMSDs 的保护因素(P<0. 05); 人员缺乏和弯腰同时转身可能是下背部WMSDs的危险因素(P<0. 05), 颈部长时间保持同一姿势是颈部和肩部WMSDs 的危险因素(P<0. 05); 工龄和吸烟分别是影响肩部和颈部WMSDs 的危险因素(P<0. 05)。结论 供电企业运检人员WMSDs 的患病率较高, 需根据WMSDs 的危险因素制定相关措施, 以降低对工人健康的不良影响。 |
关键词: 供电企业运检人员 工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 危险因素 |
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基金项目: 国网吉林省电力有限公司企业项目资助;“十二五”科技支撑项目(编号:2014BAI12B03);中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(编号:131031109000150003) |
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Research on musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors in operation and maintenance personnels of power supply enterprises |
ZHANG Dan∗, CHEN Tao, SUN Cheng⁃xun, LI Hong⁃yan, QU Ying, XU Hua⁃lei, ZHONG Si⁃wu, ZHANG Xue⁃yan, JIA Ning
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Electric Power Research Institute of Jilin Electric Power Company, Changchun 130021, China
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Abstract: To investigate the morbidity and risk factors of work⁃related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in power supply enterprises. Methods A cross⁃sectional study was conducted using Chinese Musculoskeletal Disorders Question⁃naire to investigate the prevalence status of musculoskeletal disorders and its risk factors among the operation and maintenance personnels nearly a year, the χ2⁃test and Logistic regression analysis were used for survey of the risk factor of WMSDsResults A total of 403 questionnaires were distributed, and 385 valid questionnaires were returned (effective ratio 95.5%),the prevalence rate of WMSD in different parts of the body were 7.5% ~ 57.9%, the leading three parts in turn were neck(57.9%), low back (56.9%), and shoulder (39.2%), and the differences of WMSDs in the leg and knee also had statisticalsignificance among different types of work (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that carrying heavy objects
might be a risk factor for WMSDs of neck, low back and wrist, multi⁃person rotated work might be a protective factor for WMSDs in neck (P<0.05). Additionally, short of hands and bend over with turn around at the same time might be an another risk factor for WMSDs in neck (P<0.05), keep neck in the same position for a long time might be a risk factor for WMSDs in neck and shoulder (P<0.05), and working age and smoking might also be the risk factors for WMSDs in shoulder and neck (P<0.05).
Conclusion The prevalence rate of WMSDs in power supply enterprises was high, it was reasonable and necessary to formulate relevant preventive policies and measures to reduce the adverse effects of WMSDs on workers’ health |
Keywords: Operation and maintenance personnel in power supply enterprises Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk factors |