摘 要: 目的 调查汽车制造工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生情况及其工作组织影响因素。方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经修订的《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》和中文版《工作付出-回报失衡(ERI)量表问卷》,对某汽车制造厂554名工人近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患患病与工作组织以及社会心理情况进行调查。结果 该厂工人WMSDs发生率为66.1%;不同部位的发生率为11.4%~39.5%,其中前四位的依次为颈部(39.5%)、下背部 (34.8%)、肩部(34.7%)和踝/足部(33.9%)。控制潜在混杂因素后发现,休息时间充足(OR=0.43)、自主选择工作间休息(OR=0.47)和与同事轮流完成工作(OR=0.58)是下背部WMSDs的保护因素;每天工作时长(加班)(OR=2.65)和工作涉及寒冷/凉风或气温变化(OR=1.77)是下背部WMSDs的危险因素;工间休息时间充足(OR=0.39)和休息次数(OR=0.5)是踝/足部WMSDs的保护因素;人员短缺(OR=1.59)和工作每天重复(OR=2.87)是肩部WMSDs的危险因素。结论 汽车制造工人WMSDs的发生率较高,工作组织因素可能对工人WMSDs产生一定的影响。 |
关键词: 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 工作组织 危险因素 汽车制造 |
中图分类号: R68
文献标识码: A
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基金项目: 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(项目编号: 131031109000150003) |
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Correlation between work-related musculoskeletal disorders and work organization factors in automobile workers |
YANG Feng, DING Wen-bin, GUO Wei-wei, JIA Ning, YIN Yan, WANG Zhong-xu
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Department of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and its work organization factors in automobile workers. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using revised musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire and Chinese version effort-reward imbalance (C-ERI) to investigate the incidence of WMSDs, its work organization, and psychosocial situation in past year among 554 workers in an automobile factory. Chisquare test and Logistic regression models were used as well to analyze the work organization risk factors of WMSDs. Results The results showed that the general prevalence of WMSDs among the workers was 66.1%, the incidence rates of different parts of body were between 11.4% to 39.5%, the top four incidence rates were neck (39.5%), low back (34.8%), shoulder (34.7%), and ankle/foot (33.9%). It was found that after adjusting the potential confounding factors, enough rest time (OR=0.43), can decide when to rest (OR=0.47) and work with colleagues in turn (OR=0.58) were protective factors for WMSDs in low back ; frequent overtime work (OR=2.65) and the work involved cold/cool wind or temperature changes (OR=1.77) were risk factors of WMSDs in low back; sufficient rest time (OR=0.39) and enough breaks (OR=0.5) were protective factors for WMSDs in ankle/foot; while shortage of personnel (OR=1.59) and the same work every day (OR=2.87) were risk factors of WMSDs in shoulders. Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence rate of WMSDs in automobile workers is at a high level and the work organization seems to play a role for prevalence of WMSDs in neck, shoulder, low back and ankle/foot. |
Keywords: work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) work organization risk factors automobile factory |