摘 要: 目的 调查某汽车制造企业员工职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)情况及影响因素。方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选用经过信效度检验、适用于我国人群的《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患问卷(修改版)》,对某汽车制造企业人员近1年内肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素进行调查。采用卡方检验以及Logistic回归分析导致WMSDs发生的影响因素。结果 共填写调查问卷491份,其中有效问卷484份,回收率98.6%。调査对象各部位WMSDs发生率12.0%~25.2%,发病率从高到低前四位依次为颈部(25.2%)、肩部(18.6%)、踝/足部(18.4%)和下背部(16.9%),上背部、手/腕部和踝/足部WMSDs年发生率在一线和非一线员工之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),手/腕部和踝/足部WMSDs年发生率在不同车间之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,背部弯曲是肩部和下背部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=2.04,2.73),经常站立、加班和人员缺乏是踝/足部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=2.89,2.53,1.89),经常搬运重物和不舒服的姿势工作是导致下背部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.99,2.48),背部长期保持同一个姿势和吸烟是颈部发生WMSDs的危险因素(OR=1.71,1.86);而身体锻炼、休息充足分别是肩部、颈部和踝/足部发生WMSDs的保护因素(OR=0.56,0.55,0.43)。结论 汽车制造企业员工WMSDs的发生率较高,应根据WMSDs发生的影响因素制定相关措施,切实保护劳动者健康。 |
关键词: 汽车制造业 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 影响因素 |
中图分类号: R68
文献标识码: A
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基金项目: 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(编号:131031109000150003) |
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Study on status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise and its risk factor |
XU Yu-ping,LIU Xiao-an,SHI Qing-hua,ZHANG Lu-bing,LI Bo,LAI Yun,LIU Yong-quan,WANG Zhong-xu
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Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention,Nanchang 330006,China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the present status of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and its influencing factor in workers of an automobile manufacturing enterprise.Methods Using the epidemiological cross-section survey method and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire(Revised Edition),which has been tested for the reliability and validity and is applicable to Chinese people,to investigate the present status of musculoskeletal disorders in workers of an automobile manufacturing enterprise in resent past year,and its risk factor was surveyed as well with Chi-square test and Logistic regression models.Results The results showed that a total of 491 questionnaires were filled out,of which 484 were valid questionnaires,and the effective questionnaire recoveiy rate was 98.6%.The incidence of WMSDs in various parts of body was from 12.0% to 25.2%,the top four parts were neck(25.2%),shoulder(18.6%),ankle/foot(18.4%),and lower back(16.9%) ,there were some significant difference in annual incidences of WMSDs at upper back,wrists,and ankles/feet between front-line employees and non-front-line workers(P<0.05),and there was also some difference in annual incidence of WMSDs at wrists and ankles/feet between different workshops(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that back flexion was the risk factor of WMSDs for shoulder and lower back(OR=2.04,2.73),regular standing,overtime and lack of personnel were the risk factors for ankles/feet WMSDs(OR=2.89,2.53,1.89),frequently carrying heavy objects and working in uncoinfortable posture(OR=1.99,2.48)were the risk factors for WMSDs at lower back,and keeping the same posture in back for a long time and smoking were the risk factors of WMSDs at neck (OR=1.71,1.86).While physical exercise,enough rest were the protective factors of WMSDs at shoulder,neck,ankle/foot,respectively(OR=0.56,0.55,0.43).Conclusion The results suggested that the incidence of WMSDs in workers of automobile manufacturing industry was higher,and relevant proventional measures should be formulated according to the influencing factors of WMSDs,thereby efleclively protect the health of workers. |
Keywords: automotive manufacturing industry work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) influencing factors |