摘 要: 目的 通过工业区与对照区大气PM2.5中重金属质量浓度的检测、居民体内重金属蓄积量及肾功能指标水平的测定,探讨上海市某工业区居民环境重金属暴露与肾功能指标的关系。方法 选择某工业园区内A社区为工业区、某生活园区内B社区为对照区,于2020年在A、B两社区设置采样点,各采集96份大气PM2.5样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定样品中的重金属含量;选择A社区居民176人、B社区居民163人,采用问卷调查收集两区居民一般资料,测定血中尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿中肾损伤分子-1(Kim-1)、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、微量白蛋白(mALB)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及尿镉、尿铅水平,通过Spearman相关分析尿镉、尿铅与肾功能指标间的关联。结果 工业区大气PM2.5中的镉、铅质量浓度显著高于对照区(P<0.05);工业区居民尿镉(0.75 μg/g Cr)、尿铅(2.2 μg/g Cr)水平高于对照区居民(0.49、1.54 μg/g Cr)(P<0.05);Kim-1(1.92 ng/L)、mALB(17.90 mg/g)、Cys-C(0.76 mg/L)、NAG(18.40 mg/g)四项早期肾损伤指标水平显著高于对照区居民(1.49 ng/L、8.40 mg/g、0.66 mg/L、14.60 mg/g) (P<0.01),且均随尿镉、尿铅水平升高而升高;Kim-1、Cys-C、NAG含量与尿镉(r=0.081、0.071、0.155)、尿铅(r=0.154、0.075、0.029)水平呈正相关(P<0.01),mALB含量与尿镉水平呈正相关(r=0.077,P<0.01)。结论 工业区居民尿镉、尿铅水平似与某些肾功能损伤指标有关,提示低剂量镉、铅环境暴露可能造成肾功能损伤。 |
关键词: 工业区 大气污染 铅 镉 肾功能 |
中图分类号: R122;R446.12
文献标识码: A
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基金项目: 上海市三年公共卫生行动计划(GWV-10.1-XK11) |
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Relationship between environmental heavy metal exposure and renal function index of residents in industrial area |
YUAN Jing-yi,ZHAO Hui-jun,NIU Jun-jie,LU Yi-wen,SHEN Yue-tian,CHEN Hong,KUANG Xing-ya
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Tongji University School of Medicine,Depatment of Occupational Disease,Yangpu District Central Hospital of Tongji University,Shanghai 200090,China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between environmental heavy metal exposure and renal function index in residents of an industrial area in Shanghai through the detection of heavy metal concentration in atmospheric PM2.5,and the measurement of body accumulation of heavy metal in residents' and the renal function index. Methods Community A of an industrial park community B of a living area in Shanghai were selected as the polluted area and control area,respectively. A total of 96 samples of PM2.5 were collected in community A and B in 2020,the heavy metals in samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). Then,176 residents of community A and 163 residents of community B were selected for collecting of general information by questionnaire survey, the blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and uric acid(UA),creatinine(Cr)and kidney injury molecule-1(Kim-1),N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG),trace albumin(mALB),cystatin C(Cys-C),retinol binding protein(RBP),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),urinary cadmium,urinary lead,and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlationship between urinary cadmium,urinary lead and renal function index. Results The results showed that the concentrations of cadmium and lead in the air of industrial area were significantly higher than those of living area(P<0.05),the levels of urinary cadmium(0.75 μg/g Cr)and urinary lead(2.2 μg/g Cr)in residents of industrial area were higher than those of living area(0.49 μg/g Cr,1.54 μg/g Cr)(P<0.05),while the levels of Kim-1(1.92 ng/L),mALB(17.90 mg/g),Cys-C(0.76 mg/L)and NAG(18.40 mg/g)of early renal injury indexes were significantly higher than those in living area(1.49 ng/L,8.40 mg/g,0.66 mg/L,14.60 mg/g,respectively)(P<0.01);and all these renal injury indicators increased with the rise of urinary cadmium or urinary lead level,additionally,the levels of Kim-1,Cys-C or NAG were positively correlated with the levels of urinary cadmium(r=0.081,0.071,0.155),urinary lead(r=0.154,0.075,0.029)(P<0.01),and mALB level was positively correlated with the level of urinary cadmium(r=0.077,P<0.01). Conclusion The results suggested that the levels of cadmium and lead in urine of the residents in industrial area seemed to be related to some renal function injury indexes,so that,the low dose environmental exposure of cadmium and lead might induce some early change of renal function in residents of industrial area. |
Keywords: industrial area air pollution lead cadmium renal function |