摘 要: 目的 探索和评估上海市中小微型企业职业健康帮扶工作并总结经验及成效,建立中小微型企业职业健康帮扶模式。方法 上海市首次职业健康帮扶时间为2022年1月—2023年1月,共纳入10个区的100家企业,涉及18个行业。对每家企业进行现场摸底,确定风险评估报告和“一企一策”帮扶实施方案,重点解决企业目前存在的职业健康问题。根据对企业实施帮扶前后《上海市中小微型企业职业健康帮扶评估表》(试行)得分评估企业职业健康改善程度,分析中小微型企业职业健康帮扶工作的成效和困难。结果 上海市10个区100家企业被帮扶前得分总体平均值(44.49±16.22)分,被帮扶后得分总体平均值(87.41±5.42)分对企业被帮扶前后得分进行配对t检验结果显示,被帮扶后企业得分显著上升,帮扶前后得分差异具有统计学意义(t=33.65,P<0.001)。不同辖区和企业规模经帮扶后提升的分数间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实施帮扶后,职业病防治管理措施企业合格率提升83.06%,职业卫生宣传教育培训提升78.57%。结论 本研究旨在逐步建立政府购买服务帮扶模式, 通过准备、摸底和制定方案、帮扶、验收汇总4个阶段,了解上海市中小微型企业职业健康薄弱环节,结合企业自身情况针对性解决实际问题,切实提高中小微型企业职业健康水平。 |
关键词: 中小微型企业 职业健康 帮扶工作 |
中图分类号: R135. 2
文献标识码: A
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基金项目: 上海市小微型企业职业健康帮扶模式研究(2022HP78);上海市加强公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023—2025)重点学科(GWVI-11.1-37———环境与职业卫生学) |
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Preliminary exploration of occupational health assistance in small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai |
DI Niu,GUO Weiwei,DING Wenbin,YANG Feng,YIN Yan
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Department of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200336,China
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Abstract: Objective To explore and evaluate the occupational health assistance work of small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai, sum up experience,and establish an occupational health assistance model for small and medium-sized enterprises.Methods The first occupational health assistance period was from January 2022 to January 2023.A total of 100 enterprises in 10 districts were included in this occupational health assistance,involving 18 industries.In order to focus on solving the current occupational health problems in enterprises,we conducted a survey of each enterprise to produce a risk assessment report and a support implementation plan according to each enterprises own situation.Finally,based on the scores of the“Occupational Health Assistance Assessment Form of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Shanghai”(Trial) before and after the implementation of assistance, we evaluated the improvement of occupational health in these enterprises.And we also analyzed achievements and
difficulties of occupational health in the process of this assistance.Results The mean of the scores of 100 enterprises in 10 districts before assistance was 44.49±16.22,and the mean of the scores after assistance was 87.41±5.42.The paired samples ttest was used to evaluate the scores before and after occupational health assistance.The results showed that the scores of the assisted enterprises increased significantly,and the difference between the scores before and after this assistance was statistically significant (t=33.65,P<0.001).The difference in improvement scores among different administrative districts and enterprisescale was also statistically significant (P<0.05).After the implementation of occupational health assistance, the qualified rate of occupational disease prevention and management measures increased by 83.06%,and occupational health publicity,education,and training increased by 78.57%.Conclusion A model for government procurement of occupational health assistance services has been gradually established in small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai.Through the four stages of preparation, assessment and program formulation,assistance,and acceptance,we were aware of the weaknesses of occupational health in small and medium-sized enterprises.Then,we solved problems in a targeted manner and effectively improved the level of occupational health of small and medium-sized enterprises in Shanghai. |
Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises occupational health assistance work |