| 摘 要: 目的 探讨高温高湿暴露对中等强度作业人员生理的影响,并评价现行国际标准 ISO 7933《Ergonomics of the thermal enviroment———Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain》中预测热应激(predicted heat stress,PHS)模型的性能。方法 利用人工气候室营造 9 种温湿度工况(温度35、38、40℃,湿度 25%、40%、60%),连续监测 10 名受试者在跑步机上以 0.5 m/s(等效代谢率 160W/m2)速度行走时的直肠温度、皮肤温度、心率、出汗率等指标。结果 高温高湿耦合对受试者生理指标影响更显著,当温度>38 ℃ 时相对湿度对心率产生显著影响,所有受试者于温度>38℃,相对湿度为 60%时终止试验。所有试验工况下累计 85.7%受试者因直肠温度超过 39 ℃终止试验,表明直肠温度是受试者热暴露下更敏感的安全性评价指标。此外,现有 PHS 模型预测出汗率明显高于实测值, 若以预测允许暴露时间<实测暴露时间为指标,模型对于受试者的保护效能仅为 21.5%。结论 现有 PHS 模型显著高估了高温高湿环境下中等强度作业人员的出汗率和允许安全暴露时间,保护效能较低。 |
| 关键词: 热应激 高温高湿 生理响应 预测热应激(PHS)模型 预测效能 |
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中图分类号: R135. 3
文献标识码: A
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| 基金项目: 中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目 (032000KK52220034) |
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| Physiological response characteristics and predictive heat stress model evaluation in workers exposed to high temperature and high humidity |
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YANG Fan,SHEN Yali,MAO Yan,LI Hualiang,WANG Qiru,DU Chenqiu
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Zhongshan Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid Co.,Ltd,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400,China
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| Abstract: Objective To explore the physiological effects of outdoor workers with moderate intensity exposure to high temperature and high humidity and evaluate the performance of the Predicted Heat Sress (PHS)model in the current international standard ISO 7933“Ergonomics of the thermal environment———Analytical determination and interpretation of heat stress using calculation of the predicted heat strain”.Methods Using an artificial climate chamber to create nine different temperature and humidity conditions (35℃,38℃ and 40℃ air temperatures with 25%, 40% and 60% humidity, respectively),the rectal temperature,skin temperature,heart rate and sweating rate of 10 subjects walking at a speed of 0.5 m/s(equivalent metabolic rate 160 W/m2) on a treadmill were continuously monitored. Results The results showed that the coupling high temperature and high humidity exposure had a more significant impact on the physiological indicators of subjects. When temperature was greater than 38℃,the relative humidity showed a significant effect on heart rate, all ten subjects terminated the experiment under the conditions of temperature>38℃ even the relative humidity was 60%.Under all the experiment conditions,about 85.7% of the subjects stopped their test because their rectal temperature exceeded 39℃,indicating that the rectal temperature was a more sensitive safety evaluation indicator for individuals under thermal exposure. Furthermore, the predicted result of sweating rate for the experiment subjects by PHS model was significantly higher than the measured value, if taking that of the predicted allowable exposure time less than the measured exposure time as a baseline,the protection efficacy of PHS model was only 21.5%.Conclusion The results suggested that existing PHS model significantly overestimated the sweat rate and the allowable exposure time of workers with moderate labor intensity in high temperature and high relative humidity environments,resulting in low protective effectiveness. |
| Keywords: heat stress high temperature and high relative humidity physiological responses predicted heat stress(PHS) model prediction efficiency |
