摘 要: 目的保护暴露于生产性噪声的劳动者健康,预防和控制听力损失的发生,降低职业性噪声聋发病率。方法选择某电池组装企业卷曲车间男性作业工人为研究对象,测量并计算平均噪声暴露等效声级LEX,W=86.9d B(A)。采用听力损失风险的预测模型,选择符合国情的频率和界线,预测该人群从20岁开始职业暴露于该强度噪声的听力损失情况与风险。结果 (1)该人群暴露10、20、30、35、40年由年龄和噪声引起高频标准听阈偏移的风险分别为40.9%、62.1%、80.8%、86.8%、90.8%,引起职业性噪声聋的风险分别为0~5.0%、0~5.0%、0~5.0%、7.3%、13.0%。(2)该人群暴露10、20、30、35、40年由噪声引发高频标准听阈偏移的风险分别为20.4%、21.0%、13.5%、9.2%、6.1%,引起职业性噪声聋的风险分别为0~5.0%、0~5.0%、0~5.0%、2.2%、2.9%。(3)由年龄和噪声引起的听力损失以及由噪声引起的听力损失均在4 000 Hz频率上出现听阈级的最大值,听力图随频率的变化呈"V"字形,在起始暴露年龄与噪声暴露水平均不变的情况下,在每个频率上,H’50与N50都随暴露时间的增加而增大。结论噪声职业病危害风险管理的关键是减小噪声引起的永久性听阈位移(N)值;对于发生高频标准听阈偏移和职业性噪声聋的人群,应采取不同的风险管理对策控制和降低风险。 |
关键词: 听力损失 年龄 噪声 永久性听阈位移 听阈级 风险评价 |
中图分类号: TB53
文献标识码:
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基金项目: 天津市科技支撑计划重点项目(13ZCZDSY02300) |
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Application of risk assessment for noise induced hearing loss in evaluation of occupational hazards |
LI Minyan,HUANG Deyin,ZHANG Qian,LIU Mao
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Institute of Occupational Health,Tianjin Bohai Chemical Industry Croup Co.Ltd,Tianjin 300051,China
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Abstract: To protect the health of the industrial noise exposed workers, prevent and control the occurrence of noise induced hearing loss, and reduce the incidence of occupational noise induced deafness Methods 104 male workers of winding workshop in a battery assembly enterprise were enrolled as study subjects. Using the method given by GBZ/T 189.8,their average LEX,W was measured and calculated as 86.9 dB(A).Assuming the exposure of workers to this level of noise was from the age of 20,the consequences and probabilities of noise induced hearing loss were predicted by using ISO 1999:2013(E) risk model with proper frequencies and cut off values as needed. Results It was found that (1)If this group was exposed to this level of noise, after 10,20,30,35 or 40 years exposure, the risk of high frequency standard threshold shift due to age and noise exposure were 40.9%,62.1%,80.8%,86.8% and 90.8%,respectively;the risk of occupational noise deafness due to age and noise exposure were 0—5.0%,0—5.0%,0—5.0%,7.3% and 13.0%,respectively.(2)The risk of HSTS due to noise exposure in this population were 20.4%,21.0%,13.5%,9.2% and 6.1%,respectively,and the risk of occupational noise deafness due to noise exposure were 0—5.0%,0—5.0%,0—5.0%,2.2% and 2.9%,respectively.(3)It also showed that the maximum of H′50 and 50appeared at 4 000Hz,the curve of audiogram showed a V shape, and both 50 and 50 were all increased with the duration of noise exposure, if initial exposure age and exposure noise level were fixed. Conclusion The key measure for management of noise related occupational risk was to reduce noise induced permanent threshold shift( N ),and for these with HSTS and those diagnosed as occupational noise deaf, should take different management strategies to reduce the risk. |
Keywords: hearing loss age noise permanent threshold shift(PTS) hearing threshold level risk assessment |