摘 要: 目的 分析船舶企业噪声危害特性、分布、危害程度和劳动者听力损失情况, 为企业开展噪声治理及指导劳动者进行听力保护提供科学依据。方法 选取3家规模以上船舶工业企业, 采用与技术人员和职业卫生管理人员座谈的方式,了解生产工艺和基本情况, 并对作业场所开展现场调查和个体噪声暴露剂量检测及频谱分析, 对主要接触噪声的岗位工人进行纯音听力测试。结果 船舶工业企业接噪岗位多, 在检测的17 个岗位中, 除轮机检验工外,其余岗位个体噪声暴露剂量均超过85 dB(A),其中打磨工和冲砂工最为严重, 其个体噪声暴露剂量达100 dB(A)左右, 类型主要是高频噪声; 主要接噪岗位工人的听力损失比例较高, 达26.96%, 其中打磨工和冲砂工的听力异常比例分别达37 88%和38 42%; 且随着接噪工龄的增加, 听力异常者比例不断增加, 呈现明显的剂量⁃反应关系。结论 船舶工业企业的噪声危害分布广、程度重, 应及时采取工程控制措施和听力保护措施。 |
关键词: 船舶工业企业 噪声 听力损失 |
中图分类号: R135; TB53
文献标识码:
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基金项目: 十二五科技支撑项目(编号: 2014BA112B02) |
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Survey on noise hazard in shipbuilding industry |
Nie Wu, Hu Weijiang
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National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Abstract: Objective To analysis the characteristics, distribution, and hearing loss degree in workers of shipbuilding in⁃dustry, thereby provide a scientific basis for carrying out noise control and guiding the hearing protection in workers. MethodsThe general situation was gotten from three shipbuilding enterprises by forum with the technicians and management staffs, mean⁃while, the workplaces. situations, the individual exposure dose detection and spectral analysis of noise were also done, and hearing test in workers had heavy noise exposure as well. Results There were a lot of noise⁃exposed posts in shipbuilding indus⁃try, except turbine inspection post, the individual exposure dose of the 17 detected posts, except turbine inspection post, were all more than 85 dB (A), which could reach 100 dB (A) at grinding and sandblasting posts, mainly was high frequency noise. The percentage of noise⁃induced hearing loss was quite high at these posts (reached 26. 96%), which were even up to 37. 88% and 38. 42% at grinding and sandblasting posts, respectively, and the longer the exposure to noise, the higher the in⁃cidence of hearing loss. Conclusion The results suggested that the noise hazard had a quite wide distribution and severe conse⁃quence, thereby, it was urgent and necessary to take engineering controls and hearing protection measures timely. |
Keywords: shipbuilding industry enterprise noise hearing loss |