摘 要: 噪声致听力损失 (NIHL) 是感音神经性聋最常见的形式之一。 过去几十年, NIHL 的研究一直专注于感音毛细胞的损伤导致听阈升高, 而由于常规听力检查方法无法发现, 听神经损失导致的隐性听力损失未引起重视。 本文从耳蜗毛细胞的损伤、 听神经突触病变和髓鞘病变三个方面来阐述 NIHL 的机制, 为相应的临床防治研究提供线索。 |
关键词: 噪声致听力损失 (NIHL) 隐性听力损失 毛细胞损伤 突触病变 髓鞘病变 |
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基金项目: 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(编号:131031109000150003) |
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Research progress on mechanisms of noise⁃induced hearingloss |
CHEN Ya⁃li, HU Wei⁃jiang
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(National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, China CDC, Beijing 100050, China)
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Abstract: Noise⁃induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most common forms of sensorineural deafness. For decades, research on noise⁃induced hearing loss has focused on auditory threshold elevation caused by sensory hair cell damage, but this kind of hidden hearing loss is very hard to be noticed by normal audiometric examination and frequently ignored. This review would expound the mechanism of hearing loss from three aspects: hair cell damage, acoustic synaptopathy and acoustic myelinopathy, and expect it could provide some reference for further research and efficient treatment on noise⁃induced hearing loss. |
Keywords: noise⁃induced hearing loss (NIHL) hidden hearing loss hair cell damage synaptopathy myelinopathy |