摘 要: 目的 了解汽车制造企业工人职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病情况及相关不良工效学因素。方法 采用流行病学横断面调查方法,选择重庆市某汽车制造厂523名男性作业人员为研究对象;选用电子版《北欧肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷(修改版)》(NMQ)调查其WMSDs患病情况;采用多因素Logistic回归分析其不良工效学因素。结果 523名研究对象的WMSDs总发生率为54.1%,各部位WMSDs发生率由高到低依次为颈部(29.6%)、足部(27.7%)、肩部(25.8%)、手部(25.8%)、上背部(20.1%)、膝部(16.8%)、下背部(15.5%)、腿部(14.3%)和肘部(10.9%);多部位WMSDs总发生率为38.4%,≥2个部位WMSDs发生率最高的工种依次为钳工(50.0%)、技术人员(50.0%)、装配工(42.7%)、焊工(25.8%)和操作工(25.6%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,颈部大幅前倾或头后仰、长时间保持同一姿势和长时间转头是颈部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P<0.05);肩部长时间保持同一姿势、手在肩部以上作业是肩部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P<0.05);反复做同一动作和长时间站立是足部WMSDs的主要风险因素(P<0.05)。结论 汽车制造企业工人WMSDs高发,各部位WMSDs与其存在的不良工效学因素密切相关,应加强工效学干预,降低作业工人WMSDs的发生。 |
关键词: 职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs) 汽车制造 工效学因素 |
中图分类号: R68
文献标识码: A
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基金项目: 中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(项目号:131031109000150003);重庆市制造行业职业性肌肉骨骼损伤风险评估及工效学预防措施研究(项目号:2018MSXM016) |
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Investigation and analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and adverse ergonomic factors automobile workers |
CAO Lei,WANG Zhong-xu,JIA Ning,CHEN Feng-qiong,LI Xiao-ping,DENG Hua-xin,ZHAO Qi
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Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chongqing 404000,China
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Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)and related adverse ergonomic factors in automobile workers.Methods 523 male workers in a certain automobile factory were selected as the research object using epidemiological cross-sectional method;the electronic revised version of Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire(NMQ),was applied to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs,and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for analyzing adverse ergonomic factors.Results The results showed that the total prevalence of WMSDs in 523 research objects were 54.1%,the prevalence of WMSDs in different parts from high to low were:neck 29.6%,foot 27.7%,shoulder 25.8%,hand 25.8%,upper back 20.1%,knee 16.8%,lower back 15.5%,leg 14.3% and elbow 10.9%;the total prevalence rate of multisite WMSDs was 38.4%,the jobs with highest prevalence rates were fitters(50.0%),technicians(50.0%),followed by assemblers(42.7%),welders(25.8%)and operators(25.6%).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of WMSDs in neck were large neck forward or head backward,keeping the same posture or turning head for a long time(P<0.05);the main risk factors of WMSDs in shoulder were keeping the same posture for a long time and working with hands above shoulder(P<0.05);while repeated foot movements and standing for a long time were the main risk factors of WMSDs in foot(P<0.05).Conclusion The results suggested that the prevalence of WMSDs in automobile workers was high,WMSDs in all parts were closely related to the existing poor ergonomic factors,therefore,ergonomic intervention should be strengthened,thereby reduce the risk of WMSDs in workers. |
Keywords: work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) automobile manufacturing ergonomic factors |